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Improving the resilience of maritime supply chains: The integration of ports and inland transporters

Frontiers of Engineering Management Pages 51-66 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0231-3

Abstract: The adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 has reduced ports’ operational efficiency. In addition, ports and inland logistics providers are generally independent of each other and difficult to work together, which leads to time loss. Thus, as the core player, ports can integrate with inland logistics providers to improve the efficiency and resilience of maritime supply chains. This study examines the strategic options of two competing maritime supply chains consisting of ports and inland logistics providers. We investigate the impact of cooperation between ports and inland logistics providers and government regulation on the maritime supply chain by comparing members’ optimal pricing and overall social welfare under centralized, decentralized, and hybrid scenarios. Results indicate that the hybrid scenario is an equilibrium strategy for maritime supply chain, although this strategy is not optimal for governments seeking to improve supply chain resilience and maximize social welfare. Furthermore, observations show that through government economic intervention, both seaborne supplies can be incentivized to adopt an integrated strategy, and business and society can achieve a win–win situation.

Keywords： resilience Hotelling model social welfare maritime supply chain game theory

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Zinc homeostasis in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Xiao Miao, Weixia Sun, Yaowen Fu, Lining Miao, Lu Cai

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 31-52 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0251-9

Abstract:

Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral that is required for various cellular functions. Zn dyshomeostasis always is related to certain disorders such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications. The associations of Zn with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications, thus, stem from the multiple roles of Zn: (1) a constructive component of many important enzymes or proteins, (2) a requirement for insulin storage and secretion, (3) a direct or indirect antioxidant action, and (4) an insulin-like action. However, whether there is a clear cause-and-effect relationship of Zn with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or diabetic complications remains unclear. In fact, it is known that Zn deficiency is a common phenomenon in diabetic patients. Chronic low intake of Zn was associated with the increased risk of diabetes and diabetes also impairs Zn metabolism. Theoretically Zn supplementation should prevent the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications; however, limited available data are not always supportive of the above notion. Therefore, this review has tried to summarize these pieces of available information, possible mechanisms by which Zn prevents the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications. In the final part, what are the current issues for Zn supplementation were also discussed.

Keywords： zinc zinc transporters metallothionein diabetes diabetic complications insulin resistance antioxidant

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Antibody Therapies Targeting Complex Membrane Proteins Review

Georgina To´a Salazar, Ziyi Huang, Ningyan Zhang, Xue-Guang Zhang, Zhiqiang An,

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages 1541-1551 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.013

Abstract: targets, membrane-associated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) dominate, followed by ion channels, transportersChallenges in developing antibodies to complex membrane proteins such as GPCRs, ion channels, transporters

Keywords： Antibody therapy Complex membrane protein Ion channels Transporters Membrane-bound enzymes GPCRs